For operators of large-scale AI factories, maximizing continuous output is essential for productivity. In massive-scale AI training, every GPU in the cluster…
For operators of large-scale AI factories, maximizing continuous output is essential for productivity. In massive-scale AI training, every GPU in the cluster must synchronize gradients across thousands of collective operations per second. Similarly, during inference, unplanned downtime directly reduces the total volume of requests served, strictly limiting revenue generation.

Federated learning (FL) projects often begin with a straightforward setup: one server, a few clients, and one dataset at each site. As those projects grow, the…
Mixture of experts (MoE) has become one of the defining architectural trends in large-scale AI model training. DeepSeek, Qwen, and Mixtral are examples of MoE…